Chrysanthemum Lace Bug

After carefully studying our Lace Bug samples under a table top microscope, I must change my opinion.  These insects are not the Eggplant Lace Bug--Gargaphia solani--at all; they are the Chrysanthemum Lace Bug--Corythucha marmorata.  This is logical as the Eggplant Lace Bug is more commonly found south and west of Michigan and the Chrysanthemum Lace Bug is widely spread across the U.S. and Canada.

According to Ohio State University,  "The chrysanthemum lace bug has a wide host range. Aside from attacking its namesake and asters, this lace bug may also be found on goldenrod, Helianthus, Rudbeckia, and Tanacetum. This lace bug is unusual in that it lives on both the upper and lower leaf surfaces." 

At the Education Garden, our Lace Bug specimens were found on the leaves of annual Helianthus, which is sunflower. 
 
When you view the image of the Eggplant Lace Bug and compare it to the Chrysanthemum Lace Bug, what differences and similarities do you observe?

Eggplant Lacebug

On July 19 at the Education Garden the kids collected this tiny critter, discovered on the back of a sunflower leaf.  Looks like an Eggplant Lacebug.  There are many different species of Lacebug, but they are given their common name due to their dainty, lace-like wings.

Adult - The prothorax (area behind the head) of this gray and light brown bug has a hood-like projection which extends out over the body and comes to a point over the wings. The bug has a dark head, pale yellow legs, and two pairs of lace-like wings which are black at the base. The body appears flattened and is about 4 mm long and 2 mm wide.

Egg - The 0.4-mm-long, oval-elongate egg appears almost bottle-shaped. Greenish at the base and brown toward the tip, the egg has a crater-like depression in one end with a white, lace-like border. All eggs in each roughly circular cluster are deposited on end and lean in different directions.
Nymph - About 2 to 3 mm long, the mature nymph is yellow with a dark spot at the tip of the abdomen. The boy is covered with spines.

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BIOLOGY

 

Distribution - Eggplant lace bugs are most common from Maryland, Missouri, and Oklahoma southward. They occur west into New Mexico and Arizona and have also been reported in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Connecticut, and British Columbia.

Host Plants - The eggplant lace bug has a narrow host range. Its food plants include eggplant, tomato, potato, sunflower, sage, cotton, and horsenettle.

Damage - Circular discolored areas about the size of a quarter are the first noticeable symptoms of lace bug damage. The remains of an egg mass and a group of nymphs typically are found on the underside of each discolored spot. Lace bugs gradually move outward until the whole leaf yellows and dries out. Feeding in groups, they move from leaf to leaf and eventually to new plants. A severe lace bug infestation may kill whole plants or weaken them to the point that fruit fails to develop.

Life History - Eggplant lace bugs overwinter as adults within shriveled leaves or among other plant debris. They emerge and lay eggs in mid- to late May. Each female spends 4 to 5 days depositing 100 to 200 eggs in a roughly circular mass on the underside of a leaf. The female guards her eggs against predators. When the eggs hatch about 6 days later, the female continues to guard her offspring. Nymphs feed and move as a colony, guided by the adult female. Molting every other day, nymphs develop through five instars and become adults in about 10 days. Several days may elapse before adults of the new generation mate and deposit more eggs. Approximately 6 annual generations occur on eggplant followed by one or two additional generations on horsenettle.

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CONTROL

Eggplant lace bugs are preyed upon by lady beetle larvae and adults, spiders, and shield-shaped soldier bugs.

Plants and Insects

Today we scouted for insects and attempted to identify them.  Which ones are beneficial?  The students found many pollinators and predators, such as different species of bees and wasps.  They also found the Distinct Lace Bug, a Leaf-footed Bug, Monarch butterflies and Robber Flies.  What they found in gross abundance, of course, were Japanese Beetles, which were picked off by nimble fingers and plunged into a bucket of water to drown without pity.

We are already starting to see the results of our labor.

One

tomato

and

two

egg-

plants.

We were exploring and learning about insects.